Ancient Philosophy - 737 Words

Platos early dialogues are referred to as the Socratic dialogues. During these dialogues there is nothing to suggest that the search for virtue and the human good goes beyond the natural realm. In the early dialogues the good and proper things are found through questioning. This however, changes in Platos middle dialogues. In his middle dialogues Plato leads us to the theory of knowledge. A shift toward the metaphysical guided by the first recognition of the Forms, that is, the true nature of all things. He claims Morals must be based on an appropriate political structure that can be upheld by leaders with strict scientific training. The theory of the Forms is not restricted to human principles; it however†¦show more content†¦Mankind has been duped. What they see and interact with is simply an outlined reflection of reality. Philosophers are the ones who have freed themselves from their shackles. Not only have they acknowledged the existence of the puppeteers, but they have ventured out into the real world and gleamed insight which they wish to share with humanity. Plato wants the reader to understand that the real or the perfected state does not exist in this world; however we access the immaterial though our own intangible souls. For Plato the true form of everything is perfect and therefore intangible and outside of time, so too is the immaterial human soul. In this same vein Philosophy, which to Plato is the study of the intangible, builds ones knowledge of the perfected state. Plato believes that in accessing the perfected forms through the immortal soul we build up knowledge that we will retain in our transcended immortal state; when we exist together with the forms. Question 3 Aristotle believed that all things dealt in Telos; Teleology being the study of ends and purposes. This is the principal building block of Aristotle’s greatest work, Nicomachean Ethics. The highest end a man can attain is happiness. To Aristotle â€Å"Happiness is an Ancient Philosophy Final Exam activity of the soul in accordance with virtue†. A complete soul to Aristotle is comprised of three parts eachShow MoreRelatedPhilosophy in Ancient Greece3782 Words   |  16 PagesBrandon John ADP, SCS/1108/029 Question 2: Philosophy in Ancient Greece and its Influence on Western Culture â€Å"My advice to you is get married: if you find a good wife you ll be happy; if not, you ll become a philosopher.† – Socrates, Greek philosopher Socrates, like many of the greatest minds in history, was rather different from others in his time. In the quote above,Read MoreAncient Greek Philosophy -Paper776 Words   |  4 PagesLovers of Wisdom Ancient Greek philosophy arouse in the 6th century BCE, some claim that Greek Philosophy was influenced by the older wisdom literature and mythological cosmogonies of the Ancient Greek Near East. Greeks had confidence in the power of the mind Greeks used observation and reason to determine why things happened, they opened up a new way of looking at human existence. During the time of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle it was a crime to investigate the things above the heavensRead MoreHistory And Philosophy Of Ancient Philosophy1480 Words   |  6 PagesKateryna Stoianova History of Ancient Philosophy Fall 2016 Final Exam – Sec. A (10:00) Question #1 A principle is a fundamental source or basis of something. A principle cannot be proven, because to prove something we have to go back to the basics and principle is basis of everything. Although, what most philosophers seem to be doing to prove the validity of their theories is by showing that if we accept something else as a principle it would make no sense. The Pre-Socratic philosophersRead MoreThe Differences Between Religion And The Philosophies Of The Ancients849 Words   |  4 Pagesreligious beliefs compared with philosophies of the past. One may wonder if these ideas still have value, and, if so, what are the differences and similarities between current religion, such as Christianity and the philosophies of the ancients. When we compare both modern religion and ancient philosophy, some people may believe that they are two completely different ideas with no commonalities. The truth is that they sometimes serve the same purpose. In literal terms, philosophy is the study of the fundamentalRead MoreThe Basic Principles Of Ancient Chinese Philosophy2093 Words   |  9 Pagesmany gods at a time. People of this time worshipped their own ancestors as gods, as they believed they became like gods after dying. 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Looking at the writings of Bhagavad-Gita and Hsà ¼n Tzu, two writings from the ancient years of those civilizations, gives the people of today a glimpse of the lives, belief systems, and societal makeup each community held. With these writings in hand, the philosoph ies each society held seem increasingly different, altered by their histories, yet still serve theRead MoreThe Birth of Religions and Philosophies in the Ancient World1185 Words   |  5 PagesThe Birth of Religions and Philosophies in the Ancient World From the beginning of time, people all over the world have wondered where we come from, what our divine purpose in life is, and what we can expect after death. Questions about right and wrong, society and government, and nature and the cosmos, are some of the few wonders that ultimately created some of the earliest philosophies and religions, helping people find peace and explanation to the vast curiosity that still troubles us in modernRead MorePhilosophy : From The Ancient Greek Word? Essay963 Words   |  4 PagesWright JR PHIL 1250 16 Jun 2016 What does the world philosophy mean (in terms of ancient Greek roots)? Philosophy - From the Ancient Greek word , philosophia) It translates literally to love of wisdom? It is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language What does the word logic come mean (in terms of ancient Greek roots)? Logic - From the Ancient Greek word , logike Originally meaning the word

Mythical Solutions to Cause an Effect Essay Thesis Samples Exposed

Mythical Solutions to Cause an Effect Essay Thesis Samples Exposed Crying is a more appropriate reply, because depression is related to a feeling of loss. At times it becomes a sense of joy and maybe even ecstasy. Indications of exaltation are simple to notice. It's a fact that smoking gives a sense of pleasure. It might be possible when all the women and men will comprehend the need of women empowerment. Loss of mother usually means a loss of the world for a youngster and in some instances, the loss of himself. The Benefits of Cause an Effect Essay Thesis Samples Just follow and a couple of measures and you're ready to go. An effective Conclusion usually means that you get a well-developed comprehension of the subject. The strategy enables you to fit the entire process into the standard five-paragraph format. The sort of content that you provide depicts what type of thesis statement you must have. Usually, you'd be given a particular scenario in which an action occurred. Lastly, the conclusion is nearly non-existent. Cause and effect is a typical approach to organizing and discussing ideas. You then offer a graphic description of the particular scenarios or conditions. New Questions About Cause an Effect Essay Thesis Samples Causes are introduced as argumentative topics which introduce the main topics of contemporary society in a succinct presentation where creativity is the secret. If you want more help on writing, consider learning plain writing. Once more, based on the content you must provide, the essay ought to be organized to suit your information efficiently and neatly. There are several kinds of essays there in the world you can merely lose your head. When you get your assignments, while it is for college, university or higher school, make certain that you read the directions to recognize the requirements thoroughly. Writing about the reason and effect essay to pics related to the school's popularity or surviving the initial year in college might be fine to grab the interest of your peers. Students should focus on the way things relate to one another. A student can find with a distinctive option. A Startling Fact about Cause an Effect Essay Thesis Samples Uncovered When something happens it produces an outcome. Being into the state of impression an individual is living before and, thus, attempting to deny the present. The response is due to the food addiction and their behavior. What Cause an Effect Essay Thesis Samples Is - and What it Is Not When you wish to create a fantastic cause and effect essay for college, obtaining an engaging topic you need to understand you could have fun too! Before you commence working on cause and effect essay outline the very first thing you have to do is to decide on a winning topic. To some degree, a thesis statement resembles an opinion. More often you will need to select your own cause and e ffect essay topic. A strong thesis statement may not be vagueit must contain the the heart of your topic. All you need to do is research and begin writing. Sometimes, it's tough to detect cause and effect when writing an essay. The cause and effect essay outline will serve you as a guide for the remainder of the paper. Topics for a cause and effect essay can be found on the internet, or you could brainstorm with a friend and see what you could work out but naturally, you may also find online suggestions on writing papers for college. Keep in mind that choosing cause and effect essay topics, and writing the paper, can be a rough task however, you can always rely on our organization and we'll complete it in the very best approach. Writing an essay is not really tricky. Just like any other paper, you can begin with an introduction that presents a brief background and the thesis statement. Not merely it will permit you learn more regarding the outline, but help you to distinguish between positive and negative papers. As soon as you create the outline, you can be certain regarding the successful completion of the whole essay. The Dirty Facts About Cause an Effect Essay Thesis Samples A cause and effect essay is the sort of paper that the writer is using to analyze the causes and effects of a specific action or event. Broadly speaking, there are 3 varieties of cause and effect essays. There are 3 types of cause and effect essays which can be written, but they're all very similar in written structure. In a brief essay, it may be hard to tackle the reason and all the many effects of a huge event like the Great Depression. Therefore, the causes and effects appear to be unknown to some. Every cause or effects that you have in your essay ought to be something essential. You may not wind up using all the causes and effects listed in your chart. It is very important to evaluate causes and effects of greenwashing as a type of deceptive marketing.

Horns Up free essay sample

Three minutes had passed†¦ â€Å"Horns up.† The conductor whispered. We raised our instruments to ready position. Chests were pounding up and down, crying for a breath. The first four beats were given and we were off. My fingers danced over the slippery keys of my flute, every breath creating a new sound. Another three minutes passed. Faces were blue and the crowd roared. Never had I heard such a beautiful sound. It was new music to my ears. Playing in such a magnificent venue opened my eyes to a new world. A world where everything is interpreted differently. I was hearing new sounds and discovering new rhythms that often went unnoticed. My fingers were constantly moving up and down reaching notes I never knew existed. Melodies escape my mind like they were in control of me. After playing that night at Alice Tully Hall, my flute has never left my hands. We will write a custom essay sample on Horns Up or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I have strived to recreate those beautiful sounds, playing for hours until my hands cramp from trying to recreate new sounds. Everyday is a journey to the band room, praying that moment can be relived. But it’s not. Nothing is working. My fingers that ran up and down my flute are stuck. They don’t know where to go. Playing my music has never been the same since playing in that venue. Hopefully someday it will be. Practicing my music makes me frustrated to the point where I want to rip the sheets up. I don’t. Instead, I remember how that frustration got me to be a better musician and how the frustration turned into an annoyance that needed to be driven away. It was the fuel to make my fingers move. I am determined to beat this frustration and to be a greater musician. With a little practice and help we can all put our instruments in ready position, take a deep breath and wait for the first four beats. â€Å"Horns up. The conductor breathed heavily. This was the last song of the night. Sweat was dripping down the sides of everyone’s faces. â€Å"One two three four!† Fingers began dancing and sweet melodies filled the room. Three minutes passed. The crowed roared.

Structure of the Buying Center free essay sample

In addition to all the factors studied before, our framework contains a new construct, the environmental characteristics, which has not been studied before by other researchers. Within each construct we added some new characteristics and we eliminated the duplications. Key words: buying center; purchasing management; organizational behavior. Literature review The buying center notion has been one of the most important conceptual contributions made in the study of organizational buying behavior. The concept of the buying center refers to all those members of an organization who become involved in the buying process for a particular product or service (Robinson et. al 1967). The main research streams of investigation found in literature include: buying center structure and factors that influence it; influence of members of the buying center; and communication between members of the buying center. Most researchers have studied the changes in the buying center (BC) composition and structure over the buying process and the factors that determined these changes. We will write a custom essay sample on Structure of the Buying Center or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Researchers that studied the factors that determine changes in the BC composition and structure found four main categories of factors that influence the BC structure: company specific characteristics, purchase related characteristics, participants characteristics and type of the decision. A list of all factors that have been researched and the author(s) that has/have studied them is given in Table 1. From all these characteristics, purchase or product characteristics were found to be the most influential upon the structure of the buying center.

A Farewell To Arms Essays - Ernest Hemingway, A Farewell To Arms

A Farewell To Arms Essays - Ernest Hemingway, A Farewell To Arms A Farewell to Arms The book A Farewell to Arms, written by Ernest Hemingway, is a classic about the love story of a nurse and a war ridden soldier. The story starts as Frederick Henry is serving in the Italian Army. He meets his future love in the hospital that he gets put in for various reasons. I thought that A Farewell to Arms was a good book because of the symbolism, the exciting plot, and the conezt moving of the main character. The symbolism in A Farewell to Arms is very much apparent. Ernest Hemingway has always been one who is big on the symbolism of night as being bad. To the main character in Hemingway's novels, nights have always been a sign of death, or something negative to happen. Another one of the symbolisms in A Farewell to Arms is when Henry tries to escape from the Italian army by jumping off one of the ships the army was traveling on and running away from the army. This symbolism was the water that he jumped into was a symbolism of the new, clean life that he was going to live from now on. At this time, Henry goes off and finds his wife to be. The plot in A Farewell to Arms was always active. They were never staying in one place too long. It had a very good story line, which was a love story that ended up in a tragedy. The main character's wife got pregnant and she was off to have her baby when problems started occurring. They had to have a caesarean, and the baby dies, and when the mother of the child starts to hemorrhage Henry knows that it was over for his wife and he was right. From the beginning of the book until the end, the action was up. Ever since the front page Henry was traveling around to different towns so it was not boring for the reader. That made it very interesting for the reader because it was always a new town coming up so they were being introduced in the new characters quite often. As the story goes on, the reader is not introducing as many new people, but they are still traveling around quite a bit. Hemingway has a way with arranging the plots of all his stories. They all have that right timing to them. He always introduces only people that will affect the story, he does not introduce someone who will be in the scene for five minutes and then leave. I felt that the author's planning on putting this novel together was very good. Ernest Hemingway has always been one of the world's best known classic writers. His style and technique of symbolism is much different than others. He uses then in very strong ways that you the reader does not always pick up. I am sure that I missed some of the symbolism that went on in the book. I picked up a few though and they were very interesting. I recommend this to anyone who is interested in a love story that does not get too intimate.

Private Lives by Noel Coward Act One

Private Lives by Noel Coward Act One Private Lives is a play written by Noel Coward, first performed in 1930 on the London stage, starring Adrianne Allen and Laurence Olivier as the supporting characters, Gertrude Lawrence as the female lead (Amanda) and Coward (yes, the playwright himself) in the lead male role (Elyot). This witty comedy explores what happens when ex-spouses encounter one another while on their second honeymoon. During Act One, as the synopsis of the script will indicate, we learn that Amanda and Elyot are not suitably matched with their fellow newlyweds. Instead, despite their natural inclination to be petty and argue with each other, they fall suddenly and madly back in love. But will it last? The Setting of Private Lives Act One of Noel Cowards play takes place in a French hotel overlooking a harbor (with an expensive yacht within view of the characters). The two hotel rooms are side-by-side, each with their own balcony. Elyot and Sybil British couple celebrating their honeymoon. It is Elyots second marriage. She wonders how she compares to Amanda, Elyots first wife. (From five years ago.) He explains that doesnt hate his ex-wife, but he does feel sorry for her. Sybil asks if he could ever love Amanda again. He explains that love should be cozy and not filled with drama and jealousy and rage. She also states that she looks for masculinity within her husband: I like a man to be a man. He speculates that his new, feminine wife has designs to shape his character into some masculine ideal. She objects, but he comments that her plans might be subconscious. After ending the conversation about his ex-wife, he suggests that they go down to the casino. Amanda and Victor After Sybil and Elyot exit, another honeymooning couple appears in the next room. The newlyweds are Victor and Amanda (Thats right Elyots ex-wife.) Victor strikes up a conversation similar to he previous couple. He is curious about Amandas ex-husband. She reveals that she and Elyot physically fought each other on many occasions: VICTOR: He struck you once, didnt he? AMANDA: Oh more than once. VICTOR: Where? AMANDA: Several places. VICTOR: What a cad! AMANDA: I struck him too. Once I broke four gramophone records over his head. It was very satisfying. As they discuss her first marriage and their honeymoon plans, we learn a few contrasts about each character. For example, Sybil hates sunburned women because it seems unladylike. On the other hand, Amanda is anxious to get a sunburn, despite her husbands distaste. We also learn that both Amanda and Elyot are found of gambling, not just at the casino, but taking risks in life. In the middle of their conversation, Victor realizes that he does not really know his new bride very well. He is shocked when she says that she is not a normal person. AMANDA: I think very few people are completely normal really deep down in their private lives it all depends on a combination of circumstances. After a romantic kiss, Victor and Amanda exit to prepare for their evening together. Elyot sits alone on his balcony. Amanda does the same. They do not notice each other until begins singing along to music. Amanda notices him first, and although they are surprised to see each other, they attempt to remain calm. Amanda excuses herself and goes inside. Elyot tries to explain to Sybil that they must leave at once, but he does not reveal the reason. When she refuses to allow them to leave, Sybil bursts into tears as Elyot rages about her stubbornness. In the next room, Amanda is in a similar argument with her husband. However, when Victor remains obstinate she reverts to the truth. But Victor believes that she has only imagined her ex-husband. Victor storms off, headed for the bar. Sybil leaves in hysterics, headed for the downstairs dining room. Elyot and Amanda recall their early days together, reminiscing over the pleasant times and walking through the character flaws that led to their downfall. ELYOT: Were not in love all over again and you know it. She asks about Elyots travels throughout the world. In the middle of that conversation, Elyot confesses that he loves her. He wants her back again. They kiss. He proposes that they escape immediately, but she thinks that they should be honest with their new spouses. He convinces her otherwise and together they leave the hotel room. Victor Meets Sybil Sybil and Victor both enter their respective balconies looking for their missing spouses. Victor chats with her, inviting her for a drink. They look off into a distance, noticing the yacht down in the harbor. Act One ends wondering if Elyot and Amandas whirlwind reconciliation will last, and whether or not the jilted spouses Victor and Sybil will find comfort in one anothers company.

Three perspectives of transgenderism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Three perspectives of transgenderism - Essay Example This essay "Human Sexuality" analyzes three perspectives of transgenderism on the basis of the William A Henkin's article. The biological perspective of sexuality brings to the fore, the physiology and anatomy. According to Denman Chess (2004), the above two disciplines decide the aspects of human sexual experience and they can be termed as sexual anatomy and physiology as well as evolutionary theory in the case of transgendered individuals. The sexual experiences in transgendered individuals are much more complex than normal gendered people as there is sex change in the person. Even the normal gender person’s categorization of sex is complex in biological perspective, it is more complex and conflicting in the case of transgendered individuals as chromosomal sex, hormonal status and internal sexual organs as well as external sexual organs change after the change of sex. According to biological perspective, the gender is determined by presence of chromosomes and presence only X chromosomes gives a female gender and presence of both X and Y chromosomes results in a male gender. Hence, in both male and female genders, the chromosome is present and Y is not present in female gender. In the above sense, the female gender dominates biologically and the effects of chromosomal make-up. However, the chromosomal sex has a social function that is a result of biological activities. The biological activities result in hormonal influences to determine the development of sexual activities and they are different in various males and females. That means, the sexual characteristics and the expression of male and female characteristics depend on the hormones released in the body of a person. For example, the genotypic males develop into externally phenotypic females due to constitutional insensitivity of the tissues. These developments can help in changing the gender of a person physically. The above aspect results in transgendered individuals. 1 The Psychological Perspective The transgendered individuals are result of transgendering, which is due to erasing, substituting, concealing and implying of gender and sexuality. Hence, transgendering can be termed as redefining and remake up of gender of a person. This results in psychological changes that is not a part of biological make up and needs counseling in some cases. Ekins Richard (2006) quotes that the gender change results in an atmosphere of new goals as the male and female thinking is different. Ekins Richard quotes Merton's theory of deviating from norms to serve his own interests can be observed in the transgendered individual. This results in a natural attitude that claims 'disinterested purpose' in case of transgendered ind

Employee relations and engagement Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Employee relations and engagement - Assignment Example The company has incorporated and added new forms of amusement in order to attract the new generation of visitors to the park. The company is seen to employ about 250 people and amongst them 200 are members of the union and have collective bargaining rights. The company management and the union sit down for negotiations each year and decide on the demand that they approve upon from both sides of the table. The following page discusses the negotiation process between the management and employee of the organization on different lines and issues. The objective of with which we went into the management in this negotiation is to ensure that the demands of the employees in the form of increase in salary should not be accepted. We found that the union will place a demand for increase in the no. of holidays. This cannot be allowed. On the part of the demands to be placed by our part as management, we would like to place the condition of retrenchment of some of the employees. We would also place the point that we will indulge in the career development or the skill training of the employees of the organization (Mehta, 2009). We think it to be necessary on our side to negotiate and try to establish the above points as because our company has been finding it difficult to make profit since the last six years. An amusement park has opened in the 10 mile radius of our company in the past 6 years and has taken a share of the market and the visitors. This has resulted in the fact that our company has been able to just breakeven in the las t 4 years and made a loss for the first time in the last year. Due to the increased competition and loss of market share it has become necessary for our company to introduce new entertainment machinery which is called the wow factor. To maintain the market share and profitability it is required that our company should invest in new technology, games and training facilities for the

Report on Feasibility Study to Start a Restaurant Essay Example for Free

Report on Feasibility Study to Start a Restaurant Essay Hotel industry is one of the essential industries. This industry serves the different customer in different aspects like taste, preference, price, quality etc. In Chennai, many varieties and range of hotels are available. As Chennai is the manufacturing hub of India, different class of people make business meetings and dealings in different hotels which provides these facilities. Wide range of people travel to Chennai to earn their living and the thriving population has mostly increased in the past few years. Apart from hotels, restaurants are the highly targeted places in Chennai. In this fast moving world, people do not have time to cook their own food and take it to their work place and even get ready with their breakfast. So, restaurants with different traditions of the south as well as north are started in and around Chennai. Considering this aspect, an idea to do research on the feasibility of starting a restaurant in Tambaram was taken up. Near Tambaram many manufacturing industries have rose up and the places in and around Tambaram have become residential areas but the number of restaurants is limited. So there is a niche market to be captured by opening a restaurant in that area. Thus the aim of this study is to know the customer preferences about the varieties of food and other aspects which will bring up the restaurant as a successful one. Chapter The focus group is a qualitative research method designed to ascertain the opinions, attitudes, and behavior of target audiences. Typically, 8-10 persons meet to discuss topics selected and presented by a moderator, who afterwards prepares an analysis. For the feasibility study of starting a restaurant in Chennai, two focus group interviews were conducted with 10 participants who were native of Chennai and participants who were related to the hotel industry. In a controlled environment for duration of 90 minutes, the focus group interview was conducted in the presence of a moderator. Different ideas related to the customer involvement and expectations in the different food recipes and the external and internal environment of the hotel were discussed.

The Importance of Localism and Non-Profit College Radio :: Radio University College Broadcasting Essays

The Importance of Localism and Non-Profit College Radio â€Å"Radio is the salvation of the world†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Non-profit college radio is, by its nature, a medium dedicated to the local community and the public interest. The media landscape in the new millennium has brought about a homogenized world of radio. Large conglomerates like Clear Channel and Infinity Broadcasting own thousands of radio stations. Clear Channel designates one programming director for a particular format in an area, giving sometimes a hundred radio stations the same play list. These stations then have local DJ’s insert voiceovers into the programs, forming, basically, a nationally syndicated radio show. This national play list has caused most listeners to feel that radio has become a cold and stale medium. No longer can listeners pick up the dial and call a DJ to request a track. Instead, they would probably find only a board operator inserting commercials in between an already chosen play list. The role of college radio lies in the bleak future of diversity and innovation that is lacking in the industry t oday. College radio is non-profit by nature, relying on community and university funding to stay on the air. Most college radio offers music that is not heard on any other radio station in the market, and it also offers a place for communications majors to gain broadcasting and music industry experience. In its boundaries, it harbors the most pure form of radio, a place where DJ’s can be reached live on the air and one might hear a heavy metal show played right after a jazz hour. It is college radio’s eclectic and constantly changing format that gives it its thrift store appeal. College students usually serve as the DJ’s, and a different set comes and goes each semester. College radio is still a throwback to the days where people listened to radio for the pure thrill of the music. Very little has been written on college radio in particular, although a lot of literature exists on non-profit radio as a whole. Only since the mid 1980’s has college radio sprung into the spotlight as an important medium. Pour through any campus library and you will find many books on how to start your own radio station but little on the culture that has arisen from it. The most definitive source on college radio’s cultural influence is Samuel Saul’s The Culture of American College Radio.

Colgate-Palmolive International Business Strategy Essay

1. Introduction What a â€Å"Colgate Smile† is a phrase commonly used as a compliment about one’s smile. It has been popularized throughout the whole world, due to Colgate’s good reputation as a successful business. Colgate, today being one of America’s most successful Fortune 500 companies, has a long history of evolution and complex adoption of various business strategies, which led to its current solid powerful position. As representatives of the Colgate-Palmolive Company, we are pleased to tell you more about the success story of our company through this report. In the first part, we will show how CP slowly internationalized and expanded globally by adapting various strategies to become one of the most powerful MNC’s, to then in the second part, give you details from an academic point of view with regards to the Bartlett and Ghoshal’s transnational strategy framework which the firm ended up adopting in order to most efficiently survive in and take over t he very competitive market. 2. Internationalization Strategy of Colgate-Palmolive 2.1 The assesment of the internationalisation of the company In 1806, William Colgate started a starch, soap and candles company in New York City and, after 207 years, Colgate-Palmolive stands as one of the oldest and truly  global consumer product company. Colgate-Palmolive owns 75 wholly owned subsidiaries in 75 different countries, and operates in more than 200 (Colgate.com, 2013). Colgate had a slow start – after founding the company in 1806 they remained in the American market for more than 100 years. During that time, they were expanding their operations and developing their strategies for the local market, and then in 1914, Colgate opened their first international subsidiary in Canada, a neighboring country, with both geographical proximity and cultural similarities. The company’s international growth was slow during the 1800’s but with all the technological developments that took place during the 1900’s and with the need to enlarge their global market share, Colgate went on its internationalization process. To mention briefly; in 1920 Colgate established operations in Europe, Australia, Asia and Latin America, eight years later, Colgate merged with Palmolive-Peet, and became Colgate-Palmolive-Peet, thus joining forces with another company aspiring for global dominance. In 1985, Colgate-Palmolive entered into a joint venture with Hawley & Hazel in Hong Kong, and ten years later, in 1995, after the end of the communist regime, Colgate entered Central Europe and Russia, thus expanding its operations into the fast growing countries of the region (Colgate.com, 2013). Figure 1. The expansion and internationalization timeline of Colgate-Palmolive As we can see from Figure 1., Colgate internationalized slowly at the beginning, but picked up a faster pace in the following years. Penetrating geographically close regions or markets that have similar culture and then expanding within that region identifies the company’s pattern for internationalization. First, they entered into Canada. Canada is the closet country to the USA, which is very similar culture wise. In addition, after the Canadian market, Colgate went to Europe and Australia. Europe presented a challenge since each country there had a completely different cultural preference. Thus, Colgate went on with the strategy of â€Å"think global, act local†. This gave the company an added advantage, thus enabling Colgate to understand the market needs, and therefore develop suitable products, different logistics/distribution chains, and different production systems than what originally they founded in their home country. Moreover, Colgate was acquiring different companies that presented a competitive advantage, or had products that Colgate thought were innovative and had a selling potential in different global markets. In addition to mergers and acquisitions, Colgate went for joint ventures, especially in the countries to Far East; these countries are China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and India. Therefore, Colgate-Palmolive has slowly progressed in its internationalization process, starting from neighboring countries, moving to farther geographical locations that had similar cultural preferences, and expanded accordingly. 2.2 The assessment of geographical characteristics of internationalisation Colgate-Palmolive’s geographic segmentation is formed mainly on the basis of each region’s economic, cultural and climatic conditions. Approximately 75% of Colgate-Palmolive’s sales derive from international operations; therefore succeeding in markets outside of the United States is of great importance. The first country outside the US borders, where CP decided to launch their operations and sales was the closest, both geographically and culturally, Canada. The next step in their internationalization process was to reach more distant countries, yet still of cultural and economic similarity – Australia and Western European countries, such as France, Germany and the United Kingdom (Colgate.com, 2013). After acquiring a strong market position in these markets Colgate recognized that the competition between the three main business actors in the field, which are Unilever, Procter & Gamble, and Colgate (Hauser Furstace, Inc., 1994), is becoming extremely fierce, that is why CP decided to shift the focus of their competitive advantage and target the, internally so called, ‘high growth markets’ (CP Annual Report, 1996). High growth markets, according to CP’s understanding, are the developing countries that possess a potentially high customer base. Colgate-Palmolive decided to enter Latin America (Mexico, as the geographically closest high growth market), expanding then to Asia (India in 1937, after the country’s independence from the colonization by the UK in 1930s, and Philippines – currently the 5th biggest Colgate market in Asia), Africa and Central and Eastern Europe (Poland, Baltic States). Colgate was one of the pioneers in recognizing that following the multi-domestic or international strategy of internationalization is not enough to maintain  their competitive advantage and that the company has to allow a certain degree of adaptation in order to comply with each country’s customer needs. Colgate-Palmolive is extremely dedicated to their worldwide brand, and does broad research in order to introduce the most accurate products into the right countries. For instance, in the 90s Polish CP product developers came up with the idea of the Colgate Herbal toothpaste and the Palmolive Naturals series after finding out that Polish customers prefer more natural cosmetics – after a successful introduction to the Polish market, CP decided to expand these lines of products further internationally (Broniewicz, 1997). Currently CP sells sixteen different kinds of toothpaste in the US, while in the UK they are selling twenty-two distinctive varieties (Colgate.com, 2012 ). 2.3 The outline of the main foreign market entry modes employed by the company As mentioned in previous paragraphs, after developing the business into a successful one in the US, Colgate decided it is time to become a MNC and conquer the market internationally. The first international cooperation was made in 1914 (Economictimes.indiatimes.com, 2013), over a hundred years after the company was first established, with a neighbor country, Canada. The choice was a safe one given the fact both countries are very similar culturally, politically, and are known to have the largest trade relationship in the world, hence there wasn’t much risk in this move (Kafchinski, 2013). Next, after the company’s first successful installation in a foreign (although similar) country, they got hungry for the success and wanted to continue the expansion. However this time, given the present strong competition in the industry in North America, CP decided to target other, mostly less developed countries in Europe, Asia, Latin America and Africa in order to take advantage of the â€Å"new entrant’s† position (New York Times, 2013). The 20’s were the years of considerable expansion into other continents. The first country was France, oldest ally of the US to its role in the American Revolutionary War, plus presenting an attractive and economically similar market. Perhaps the Canadian experience with Quebec, which is a French speaking/cultural province, enticed Colgate to move to France, where the firm’s second subsidiary was opened in 1920. Further that year, now having  the courage to enter further (for the moment westernized) markets, CP expanded to Australia, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Mexico (Answers.com, 2013). We can observe that Colgate opted in expanding in culturally or economically similar countries in the first place (which reflects the Uppsala Model) to then have the strength and courage to enter further countries lik e Mexico. After the successful moves, they finished the year by expanding to more distant (physically/economically/culturally) countries: the Philippines, Argentina, Brazil, South Africa, and waited till 1937 to move to India. It is clear to see that location, culture and economy, were essential criteria in deciding which countries CP would enter. In addition, Politics have also played its role as one of the main determinants of entry choices. For instance, Poland and other eastern European countries have been entered in the late 80’s, due to political reason that strongly affected the market’s availability in previous years. In 1995, CP entered Russia and other central European/fast growing markets (Colgate.com, 2013). Taking the example of Poland, Jerzy Starak, an energetic entrepreneur played a key role in developing the business in that new part of the world. He agreed to set a Joint Venture with CP (Starak initially owned 49% of shares, whereas CP owned 51%) as he thought th e business had a huge potential. Colgate-Palmolive chose to set a JV in Poland as it didn’t have much knowledge and social ties in the eastern European market, rather than going for a WOS, which would have been risky due to the lack of familiarity with the market, lack of information about the cultural and business practices, and very different turbulent, still communistic political and economic system. This strategic move allowed CP to gradually attain the necessary skillset to further penetrate the CEE countries – when CP decided to enter the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania), the company was able to establish a wholly owned subsidiary in Riga, Latvia and then export CP products to Estonia and Lithuania through local distributors – all this could be possible due to the learning process of operating in the eastern European region (Ludzie.wprost.pl, 2013). 2.4 The overview of the enterprise structures and controls used by the company Colgate-Palmolive has a hierarchical organizational structure. In the top of this organizational structure is the chief executive officer, Mr.  Ian Cook, who has a bird eye view of the organization in all parts of the world. Five continental senior executives follow the CEO. These executive officers are in charge of different continental block Market, which are European, North American, African, Asian, and South American. Below the continental managers are the country managers who are in charge of respective countries in which Colgate-Palmolive has a presence. The company’s organization structure has also the human resource managers and the information technology executives. The justification that Colgate-Palmolive has a hierarchical organization structure is that all decisions are made by the strategic managers at the top of the organizational structure. The graphical analysis of CP’s organizational structure is presented below. Figure 2. Colgate-Palmolive’s Organizational Structure Colgate-Palmolive has a divisional organizational design. The international divisions of Colgate-Palmolive face diverse legal and cultural constraints in different continents of the world. Grouping international divisions develops specialized skills and abilities for dealing with international questions that do not arise in domestic operations. This divisional organizational design helps Colgate-Palmolive respond and adapt to differences in product types, product marketing and cultural differences of its various international locations. Divisional organizational design emphasizes people’s decision-making autonomy throughout the organization. An individual at various levels can become more involved in organization’s basic activities. Organization by following this structure puts more demands on individuals to deliver the highest level of business performance. On the other hand, the divisional organizational design has its shortcomings – it very often leads to repetition of services like local marketing and international marketing, local finance and international finance. This puts more financial pressure on the organization as it leads to greater operational costs and higher complexity of the entire system within the company. Based on the internal materials from CP’s employee workshop on the company’s strategy it can be stated that Colgate-Palmolive has harnessed a control analogy in five main areas, which can be further divided into two parts namely Strategic Thrust and their Management Process. The depiction of CP’s control structure is presented in Figure 3. below. Figure 3. Control Structure of Colgate-Palmolive 3. Evaluation of academic strategy frameworks for Colgate-Palmolive 3.1. Overview of the Bartlett and Ghoshal’s generic strategies framework In order to facilitate the understanding of the internationalization strategy of Colgate, it is essential to get oneself familiar with the Bartlett and Ghoshal’s generic strategies framework. According to the theory, in order to survive firms must do all that they can to respond to cost pressures affected by global integration and to the diverse customers needs which affect the demand for a greater degree of the local responsiveness. Bartlett and Ghoshal emphasize that the core competencies and skills of a company do not necessarily have to reside within the company’s home country; instead, multinational enterprises should develop their strategies from any of the worldwide operations (Hill, 2011). The two scholars developed four distinct strategies of entering a foreign market, which are: multidomestic, international, global, and transnational. Multidomestic strategy focuses on high level of local responsiveness and low level of global integration, whereas the global st rategy has an opposite approach of focusing on maintaining high level of global integration without taking into account the local responsiveness aspect. The international strategy does not require a great need for neither global integration nor local responsiveness. International strategy can bee seen mainly in the paper, textiles and machinery industries (Hill, 2011). Figure 4. Bartlett and Ghoshal’s generic strategies framework (Hill, 2011) Part of Bartlett and Ghoshal’s theory on multinational enterprises strategies, which we would like to focus on is the transnational strategy model. This model is an organized approach to internationalize into global markets while the firm works very hard to be responsive to local demand  while holding necessary central control over the global operations to ensure efficiency and learning within subsidiaries (Hill, 2011). 3.2 Evaluation of the Bartlett and Ghoshal’s framework on the company’s example After a thorough analysis of the internationalization process of CP, it has been found that the company followed in overall three out of four generic strategies, namely international, multidomestic, and transnational. At first, CP operated within the international strategy. CP entered markets which were of geographic or cultural proximity (Canada, France, Australia, etc.) in order to reduce the cost pressures, benefit from adapting and leveraging parent company competencies and have greater control over the foreign subsidies. The level of local responsiveness was relatively low, since the foreign customer base had similar taste and preferences, as well as the economic, legal and political structure of the host countries did not differ significantly from the ones in United States. As the competition in the industry was growing, CP realized that in order to maintain their strong position on the market they had to tap the market of high growth countries instead of focusing only on the developed ones, thus the shift of strategy towards greater localization and adaptation of offerings became inevitable. At that point CP focused on developing a more multidomestic approach to sense and exploit the local opportunities by building flexibility through resourceful and adjustable national operations. At the same time, Colgate-Palmolive never resigned from their international approach and headed slowly towards being a truly transnational business entity. After Colgate’s initial development in foreign markets through the international and multidomestic strategy, they eventually followed the transnational strategy where the company tried to achieve low costs through location economies, economies of scale, and learning effects, thus differentiating their products within different geographic markets and supporting the flow of information and skills between subsidiaries within the firm’s global network (Hill, 2011). CP recognized that entering the high growth markets is more challenging and simply replicating the company’s  products will not suffice, but a huge MNC like Colgate-Palmolive could not allow a complete shift from international to multidomestic strategy, that is why in order to develop global efficiency Colgate-Palmolive had to adapt the transnational model. We can observe that strategy in the degree of flexibility given to country managers and the fact that the company is always encouraging employees to share their ideas. A good example of that are the Colgate Herbal toothpaste and the Palmolive Naturals series introduced by Polish specialists on the Polish market and then introduced further worldwide. Figure 5. Bartlett and Ghoshal’s strategy framework of Colgate-Palmolive To conclude this part, in Bartlett and Ghoshal’s model the transition of expansion theory is basically from multidomestic to transnational OR international to transnational or global. In Colgate-Palmolive’s case the situation presents itself differently. The transition of CP’s internationalization strategy started from the shift from international strategy to the multidomestic one and then transformed naturally to the transnational strategy. Even though the company did not follow exactly the same scheme as presented in the Bartlett and Ghoshal’s framework, we can still assume the validity of the theory and present Colgate-Palmolive as one of the best examples of how to pursue the idea of ‘thinking globally, acting locally’ through the implementation of the transnational strategy. 4. Conclusion Colgate-Palmolive can’t be seen as a simple business, but more as a symbol of a successful MNC, where generations have struggled throughout history with changes in the market, politics, and different economies, in order to adopt the most suited strategy that permitted the company to get where it is now. We saw that Colgate didn’t just apply one model and succeeded straight away, but started by developing a solid base for the company in the US, and then slowly expanded internationally to similar countries where they could replicate their initial western products, to then expand further into other countries and continents by adopting a more locally aware strategy. After the second expansion phase, the company couldn’t just replicate it’s  products internationally as the cultures, and political systems of the other nations were too different; CP had to sense and exploit local opportunities. The production and management demanded more local awareness, hence the shift towards a multinational strategy. After over almost 200 years of developing the business and taking over the market internationally, CP seems to have found the â€Å"golden strategy†; Transnational. The national units contribute to the world wide integrated operations, and knowledge is developed by all actors, and shared amongst them. Global efficiency has been slowly but safely reached by Colgate thanks to its flexibility and reflex in capturing the market’s demands and opportunities, while staying cautious about cultural and political risks throughout history. 5. List of Figures Figure 1. The expansion and internationalization timeline of Colgate-Palmolive (page 4) Figure 2. Colgate-Palmolive’s Organizational Structure (page 7) Figure 3. Control Structure of Colgate-Palmolive (page 8) Figure 4. Bartlett and Ghoshal’s generic strategies framework (Hill, 2011) (page 9) Figure 5. Bartlett and Ghoshal’s strategy framework of Colgate-Palmolive (page 10) 6. Bibliography 1.Answers.com. 2013. Colgate-Palmolive. [online] Available at: http://www.answers.com/topic/colgate-palmolive-company#ixzz2l6GNWWiX [Accessed: 19 Nov 2013]. 2.Broniewicz, M. 1997. Nowe Szampony Palmolive Naturals. [Internal Memo]. Colgate-Palmolive, Pl. Inwalidà ³w 10, 01-553 Warsaw, Warsaw. 3.Colgate-Palmolive. 1994. Colgate-Palmolive: New Product Finder, GBD Report – 2nd Quarter 1994. [report] New York, New York: Hauser Furstace, Inc., pp. 30-35. 4.Colgate-Palmolive. 1996. Annual Report ‘Growing Everywhere’. [report] New York, New York: Colgate-Palmolive Company. 5.Colgate-Palmolive. 1998. Annual Report ‘Colgate’s Growing Success’. [report] New York, New York: Colgate-Palmolive Company. 6.Colgate-Palmolive. 2012. Annual Report ‘Growing in a Fast-Changing World’. [report] New York, New York: Colgate-Palmolive Company. 7.Dividendmonk.com. 2013. Colgate-Palmolive: A Strong International Position. [online] Available at: http://dividendmonk.com/colgate-palmolive-a-strong-international-position/ [Accessed: 19 Nov 2013]. 8.Letto-Gillies, G. 1996. Global Business Strategy. Cengage Learning EMEA. 9.Information, C. 2013. Colgate-Palmolive Company | Company Profile from Hoover’s. [online] Available at: http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.Colgate-Palmolive_Company.f033ced43b10cea5.html [Accessed: 19 Nov 2013]. 10.Ludzie.wprost.pl. 2013. Ludzie Wprost – Jerzy Starak. [online] Available at: http://ludzie.wprost.pl/sylwetka/Jerzy-Starak/ [Accessed: 19 Nov 2013]. 11.Hill, C. 2011. International Business. 8th ed. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. 12.E. Champoux, J. 2010. Organizational Behavior: Integrating Individuals, Groups, and Organizations. Taylor & Francis. 13.Scribd.com. 2013. Organizational Chart. [online] Available at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/99390213/Organizational-Chart [Accessed: 20 Nov 2013] 14.Colgate.com. 2013. Colgate-Palmolive Company History: Creating Bright Smiles for 200 Years. [online] Available at: http://www.colgate.com/app/Colgate/US/Corp/History/1806.cvsp [Accessed: 20 Nov 2013] 15.Economictimes.indiatimes.com. 2013. The Economic Times. [online] Available at: http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/colgate-palmolive-(india)-ltd/infocompanyhistory/companyid-13873.cms [Accessed: 20 Nov 2013]. 16.Kafchinski, J. 2013. Foreign Trade: Data. [online] Available at: http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/top/dst/current/balance.html [Accessed: 20 Nov 2013]. 17.Unknown. 2013. [online] Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/08/business/company-news-colgate-to-expand-into-developing-countries.html [Accessed: 20 Nov 2013]. Published: May 08, 1992 18.Answers.com. 2013. Colgate-Palmolive. [online] Available at: http://www.answers.com/topic/colgate-palmolive-company [Accessed: 20 Nov 2013]. 19.Company, T. 2013. HISTORY OF BUSINESS: The History of Colgate Company. [online] Available at: http://historyofbusiness.blogspot.com/2011/06/history-of-of-colgate-company.html [Accessed: 20 Nov 2013]. 20.Ludzie.wprost.pl. 2013. Ludzie Wprost – Jerzy Starak. [online] Available at:

Beer in Pastel Essay

1. PESTEL analysis for Western European brewing industry. Political factors: * Government is restricting consumption of beer and alcohol products by imposing special laws. * Government initiating social events emphasizing the harmful effects of beer on the human health. * Higher penalty for being influenced by alcohol when doing crimes. Economic factors: * Many European countries are controlling the amount of beer sold in bars, clubs and bars. * Governmental acts and restrictions increased the amount of beer sold through supermarket chains. * Acquisitions, mergers and products with new brands – these are popular measures and strategies in the brewing market these days. * Packaging is responsible for a considerable amount of costs included in the total costs of production. * Super markets are offering cut price offers. Socio culture factors: * Binge drinkers are met with aggression and censure, blame for antisocial behavior. * Consumers pay more attention to their health and harm that drinking beer can bring thanks to governmental effective policies to prevent high beer consumptions. * Drinking in the pubs and bars has been reduced and wine drinking is also increased in Western Europe. Technological factors: * To achieve efficiency in production and cost reduction, companies utilize the latest technologies in order to achieve supreme quality with fewer costs. * In order to increase the cost effectiveness of the production, centralization is introduced to the organization of the production process. * Media adverts are used to commercialize established brands and promote new brands. Environmental factor: * Germany and United Kingdom markets are in a decreasing phase whereas the annual sales are growing, especially Chinese market. * German retailer’s sales are increasing from local private brands rather than†¦

The Importance of Being Earnest Challenge Constructions Essays

The Importance of Being Earnest Challenge Constructions Essays The Importance of Being Earnest Challenge Constructions Essay The Importance of Being Earnest Challenge Constructions Essay a way of life which has no future2. Both protagonists are shown to be maintaining double lives, Ernest in town and Jack in the country'[1738], Wiled presents these dual lives as manifestations exulting from the constraining social pressures: the need to keep up appearances. Ernest, the doppelgnger, is the improper younger brother, described as getting into, all kinds of scrapes'[1738] whilst we see Jack as the one with the, high moral tone'[1738] as it is, his duty to do so'[1738]. Unlike Andrew J. Webber, who claims that doppelgngers present an image of homosexual desired, Eve Spooky Sedgwick suggests that Not everyone has a lover of the same sex, but everyone, after all, has a self of their own sex6 pointing to the reductionism nature of set definitions of sexuality. This reductionism notion is echoed in Wilds portrayal of the confining nature of social laws which he demonstrates through the double lives that the protagonists are, to an extent, forced in to and the vast divide demonstrated between their personal and social identities (Ernest versus Jack). Shortly before he died Wiled echoed the phrase of Algerian, the truth is rarely pure and never simple7, once again drawing attention to the fluid nature of life and truth and embodying the concept of oversimplification in terms of social customs and sexual definitions. Wiled rather strengthens the imagery of restraining social rules through his presentation of characters simply playing into the roles that are constructed for them by society, hence portraying a lack of individuality and from this a loss of identity. Initially, Wiled presents Condoled is presented as demanding romance in public, l hope you will always look at me Just like that, especially when there are other people present [1743] suggesting a the idea of romance being verified only by others knowing about it. Her request can be seen as a form of role playing: putting forward he image of a loving couple, soon to be engaged however this questions their true devotion. This is ironic due to romance and love supposedly holding associations of excitement and mystery focused between two people alone and hence suggests that romance is yet another social construct. The ironic notion of this presentation of romance is shown in a negative and restrictive light due to the connotations of freedom, fresh starts and purity that are related to the word romance. Similarly it can be seen as shadowed by the theme of the restrictive notion of set definitions of defined sexuality. Through this Wiled once again paints the image of a hypocritical society, suggesting that we should challenge social constructs. The character of Jack is presented by Wiled as difficult to pin down into a specific role; a social abnormality. Wiled uses the humor of Jack being found in a handbag to draw attention to his lack of fit in society, l was in a handbag [sic] An ordinary handbag, in fact. [1745]. This lack of fit into defined social roll or class in this case, gives Jacks character a sense of individuality and in our individualistic culture, this helps the audience or reader to empathic with Jack, and in a more modern reading of the text, critics can empathic lack of acceptation of those with individualistic ill defined sexualities. His humble origins result in potential rejection from the privilege of higher society, you can hardly imagine that l Would allow our [sic] Daughter to marry into a cloakroom, through this likening of a lack of social fit to a cloakroom, set roles and classes within society and pushed to the conclusion that they indeed should question the constructions of society, an ideology still relevant in the society f today. Ultimately, The Importance of Being Earnest shows the contrast between the reductionism and confining rule of society against the liberal realism of personal identity against social identity. This was shown to be due to the unrealistic lack of fit of high social expectations, Jack and Algerian were reduced to fantastical double lives, to mere roles and stereotypes. Every person is different and cannot be reduced to stereotypes, hence why the set definitions of sexuality should be challenged, a single label cannot make a person as we are complex beings. Wiled presents this educationist ideology as trivial, hypocritical and finally laughably pointless. Bibliography: Oscar Wiled, The Importance of Being Earnest, The Norton Anthology of English Literature, Volume E, Stephen Greenbelts, (W. W. Norton Company, Inc. 1734-1777. Word count: 1361. Summary of Joseph Bristol, A complex multiform creature: Wilds Sexual Identities, in The Cambridge Companion to Oscar Wiled, deed. By Peter Arab (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), up. 195-218. Available via Cambridge Collections Online. The name of Wiled commonly conjures recollections of him as a playwright, cultural artic and often his ultimate plunge into disrepute as a committed homosexual a notion many consider buried within his literary works. Even today we find Wilds works applicable, particularly in regards to questions of sexual identity. In the past (circa nineteen eighties) Wilds life was seen as embarrassing and students were often under pressure to disregard homoerotic undertones: a notion embodied by Alfred Douglas phrase, Love that may dare not speak its name. However following the relatively recent movement of lesbian and gay studies into the line of social acceptability, we can now look for elements of homoerotic patterning. Many critics debate how the Homosexual genre came into being and how it cannot conclusively apply to Wilds works, this brings to mind the question of how much we apply ourselves to historical specificity and sexual being. In Christopher Crafts essay, Allis Bunny he draws out the ambiguity behind the character Leghorns alibi to escape his family -a regularly ill phantom friend named Bunny. This creation can be seen as an unimportant character based on a hypochondriac childhood friend of Wilds or a symbolism of a more erotic tie between Jack and Ernest. Craft points to how the opposing interpretations are continuously, exchanged, accelerated, derailed Cross- switched by Wiled, mirroring the word pun in the title, The Importance of Being E(a)Ernest. This approach can be congratulated on its lack of reductionism regarding suggestive puns and the social implications that may lie beneath. A homosexual interpretation of Wilds plays could be seen as sculpting the ideology within literature and implicating what it means to be homosexual or gay. According to Michael Faculty these are modern labels as they assume sexuality is based on period Sodomys was not considered a gender-specific homosexual act, but simply a sexual behavior. The terms Hetero and Homosexual had not yet been defined. Around the eighteen-nineties thinkers such as Henries Lyrics et al. Ere attempting to classify human sexuality, coining the term, sexual invert: defined as a female soul that could inhabit a male body and vice versa. This term was used at Wilds trial as an attempt to discredit him. Following his term incarcerated, he considered himself merely a, pathological problem in the eyes of German scientists Quantum mutates, suggesting that before he had not prev iously considered himself defined specifically s a homosexual or invert. Alan Sniffled suggests we should be careful not to presume that Wiled, as an effeminate man, could be definitively comprehended as a homosexual. He points to the fact that many believe that, queerness Will out, but that this is not the case. Many commentators look too hard for the unlikely tones of homoerotic, for example between Algerian and Jack, though realistically they both want to marry heiresses. Sniffled claims this over analysis may be because our stereotypical notion of male homosexuality derives from Wiled though ultimately Wiled could not intelligibly be defined as a specific type of sexual deviant. This notion is supported by Deed Cones Journalistic reports of court proceedings at Wilds trial. Cohen noted how newspapers were unable to specify sexual acts of Wiled, but did all they could to present him with traits that we may now deem, homosexual. Though based on Wilds unmanly self-presentation and the aesthetic Movement, this sensationalist reporting had the result of the creation of a new definition of sexuality based on, personality not, practice. Eve Spooky, in support of anti-homophobic eating of Wilds The Importance of Being Ernest, urges us to take into account a different model on which Wilds exploration of male-male relationships could be based. She claims Wilds works are structured mainly around a shift between generations of lovers, emanating from, pederasts love in the process of being superseded By the homo/hetero imposition. In Lawrence Damsons essay on The Portrait of Mr. W. H. , Damson argues that the play demonstrated Wilds objection to the increasing cultural obligation that held Men to their ties of the nuclear family whilst by contrast advocating same-sex desire. This clear demonstration caused Henry Laborers to set the conflicting precedent in the Criminal Law Amendment Act of 1885 that prevented sexual acts between men, both in public and in private. In contrast, Sniffled argues that this cannot be the case, since Damson suggests that there was a specific homosexual undertone in Mr. W. H. whilst in reality, our modern definition of homosexuality has evolved over the last decade, often in key relation to Oscar Wiled. He states that the lack of definition of the form of love in Mr. W. H. could be based more on the censored nature of pederasts love in Victorian England. This notion is supported by Linda Dowling, who asserts that in the period of Victorian Hellenize, Wilds portrays pederasts love in a fully unapologetic way. She points to how he in his own trial stated, in reference to Love that may dare not speak its name, stated It is not unnatural. It is literary. Following on Bristol points to the contradictory nature of assuming that Wilds works, specifically The Picture of Dorian Gray, are entwined with themes of Love that may dare not speak its name. Ultimately presenting the notion of deceiving looks: Doormans beautiful visage against his sinful nouns men? . This ill defined friendship only ever leads to negative consequences, as supported by Jeff Announce who points out, expression of homosexual desire cancels, rather than clarifies the definition of the character through whom it is conducted. We also must not disregard the Hellenic origins of Doormans name held in parallel with his outward appearance that seems almost Hedonistic and suggests nothing of his sinful nature. In a society without the strict structure of Victorian England, perhaps it would have been possible to discover what it means to be A employ multiform creature. Ultimately Wilds writings can be seen as attaining to Hellenic ideals, he openly mocks societies model of the nuclear family to the point where even outright remarks about the lack of Joy in a marriage are ignored. In A Woman of No Importance Mrs. Alonso states that her husband is a sort of promissory note. to which she is replied, l believe you are really very happy in your married life. . Yet throughout Wilds theme of societal protest, there is never a clear assertion to our modern understanding of homosexuality. Word count : 1,089. Overall Word Count: 2,494.

These five techniques will transform your technical writing - Emphasis

These five techniques will transform your technical writing These five techniques will transform your technical writing Here is the gist of a conversation I had with a scientist a few years ago. I was teaching a one-day technical-writing course that she was (reluctantly) attending. ‘What do you write?’ ‘Mainly records of experiments and field trials.’ ‘And do you enjoy writing?’ ‘No, I absolutely loathe it.’ ‘Why?’ ‘Because it’s just going to sit in a dusty folder somewhere and no one will ever read it.’ My first thought was that it was going to be a long, hard day. Happily, I was wrong. In this short post, I wont go through the protocols and conventions unique to technical writing, as thats not necessary to get results (although you may find this article on  how to write a paper useful). No, the key is to approach it from first principles – the disciplines every writer, technical or otherwise, should be aware of and practise. 1. Be clear and logical I usually enjoy training scientists. They have one essential quality that’s gold dust for a writer – they’re trained to think logically and clearly. While their PhD may be in low-temperature physics or fluvial dynamics, they bring a rigorous way of thinking thats incredibly helpful when it comes to writing up their work. Refreshingly, they’re also often among the most enthusiastic and intelligent students. When I’m training, the one thing I want people to take away is the power and importance of writing. It obviously helps if you have a love and respect for language as well, but that’s a personal thing. If I could instil in the scientist a sense of pride in her writing, at least, I thought, that would be a start. 2. Focus on the audience For some 15 years, I was the lead writer for Jaguar. I wrote the launches of their cars and all the company’s major conferences and speeches, some of which were highly technical. But the first question any writer has to ask, regardless of the material, is always the same – who is going to read this? Or, if it’s a speech, who is going to listen to it? An automotive engineer, for example, will have a clear understanding of terms such as ‘horsepower’ and ‘torque’ and how they influence a car’s performance. They will also be familiar with the host of abbreviations and acronyms that are common parlance in the engineering community. (Is there a sector that doesn’t have its own jargon or buzzwords?) If a piece of writing is peer to peer, it’s generally fine to use these terms without explanation (but sparingly, please). An engine’s performance may simply be expressed in measurements, graphs and charts – if the information is simply and clearly presented, the knowledgeable reader will be able to extract what they want and interpret it. The writing will have served its primary function, which is to communicate. 3. Consider every word Most drivers, however, would struggle to explain ‘horsepower’ and ‘torque’, let alone the difference between them. Unless they’re fully paid-up petrolheads, all they may know is that a powerful car will have a lot of both. Car manufacturers know this, of course, and that’s when (supposedly sexy) language starts creeping into the writing. ‘Effortless’ and ‘refined power’, for example, are words Jaguar often use to describe torque delivery for the layman. (I fought long and hard to suppress the truly awful ‘waftability’, but it seems to have crept into the marketing.) The point is that you use the appropriate language for the audience. The engineer writing the technical report isn’t selling the car, so they don’t need to use adjectives and adverbs (modifying words) to communicate performance – they can let the stats do the talking. In fact, if they submit their findings to scientific journals, they’ll find that most editors delete modifiers anyway, because at best they’re subjective, and at worst vague and confusing, especially for an international audience. Editors encourage authors to ‘unpackage’ concepts – to present them in simple, clear sentences. 4. Keep it brief Most people have a lot of things they could be doing rather than wading through 50 pages of turgid, unfocused waffle. Know your reader, know what you want to say and know why you’re saying it. Is it relevant to your reader? If not, why are you making them read it? And although you may have spent ages writing something, be aware of ‘Mr Skippy’ – the person who will just skim through the text. He may only read the sub-heads, so make sure they tell the story clearly. 5. Be active and engaging Get people into your writing. The passive voice (‘the trials were conducted †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢) may be the default in most technical writing, but the active voice is more direct (‘we conducted the trials †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢). You dont have to do it all the time: a balance between passive and active is best. But we’re people and we like to read about ourselves, even if it’s just a humble pronoun (‘we’). Incidentally, a surprising number of journals recommend the active voice in their instructions for authors, including Nature. And the reluctant scientist on my course? I saw her for a follow-up class a couple of months later and her writing had improved immeasurably, largely because she was now thinking clearly and writing short, clear sentences. Most importantly, she was taking pride in her writing and even starting to think of publishing her work. It had been a day well spent. Jack can help you improve your team’s technical writing. Call us on  +44 (0)1273 732 888 for a chat to explore how.

Wk1 discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Wk1 discussion - Essay Example ge masters degree holder in counseling or its related mental health discipline; have completed at least two (2) years post masters clinical work with certification; and has passed the national licensure or certification examination. Mental health counselors apply their knowledge and skills in a variety of settings such as independent practice, managed behavioral health care organizations, community agencies, integrated delivery systems, employee assistance programs, hospitals, and substance abuse treatment centers. They also extend full range services in specific areas of Assessment and Diagnosis, Psychotherapy, Brief and solution-focused therapy, Treatment planning and utilization review, Psycho educational and prevention programs, Alcoholism and substance abuse treatment and Crisis management. Another helping profession other than Mental Health Counseling is the Clinical Psychology. Clinical Psychology is a specialize area and constitute the largest specialty in the field of Psychology whereby, experts or Clinical psychologists work most often in certain independent or group practices, counseling centers, hospitals, or clinics. Furthermore, they help emotionally and mentally distressed clients who adjust to life as well as may assist medical or surgical clients in dealing with injuries or illnesses. Some clinical psychologists also work in treating patients who suffer from spinal cord injuries, physical rehabilitation settings, chronic pain or illness, arthritis, stroke, or neurological conditions. There are also other clinical psychologists who help people in dealing with personal crisis, like divorce or death of a loved one (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Division of Occupational Employment Statistics, 2009). The difference in the two aforementioned professions (Mental health counseling and Clinical psychology) is that (AMHCA, 2009) Mental health counseling basically provide more broad and flexible roles as far as mental health service is concerned. It